NOTE / NOTE Dwarf mistletoe effects on fuel loadings in ponderosa pine forests in northern Arizona

نویسندگان

  • Chad Hoffman
  • Robert Mathiasen
  • Carolyn Hull Sieg
چکیده

Southwestern dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium vaginatum (Willd.) J. Presl ssp. cryptopodum) infests about 0.9 million ha in the southwestern United States. Several studies suggest that dwarf mistletoes affect forest fuels and fire behavior; however, few studies have quantified these effects. We compared surface fuel loadings and predicted fire behavior among four levels of dwarf mistletoe infestation (none, light, moderate, and severe) in a total of 239 plots on 11 sites on basaltic soils in northern Arizona. In each plot we measured tree attributes, dwarf mistletoe rating and surface fuel loading. Stands severely infested by dwarf mistletoe had lower (P < 0.05) tree density and higher snag density, but higher (P < 0.05) total surface fuel loadings and total fuel loadings >7.62 cm and <7.62 cm, than non-infested stands. However, there were no statistical differences in any canopy fuel variables among infestation classes. Predicted fire behavior indicated that the wind speed required to promote the spread of a surface fire into the canopy was lower in severely infested stands than in non-infested stands. These results suggest that stands in northern Arizona that are severely infested with dwarf mistletoe should be priority areas for fuels treatments. Résumé : Le faux-gui du sud-ouest (Arceuthobium vaginatum (Willd.) J. Presl ssp. cryptopodum) affecte environ 0,9 million ha dans le sud-ouest des États-Unis. Plusieurs études portent à croire que le faux-gui affecte les combustibles forestiers et le comportement du feu; peu d’études ont cependant quantifié ces effets. Nous avons comparé la quantité de combustibles de surface et le comportement simulé du feu pour quatre degrés d’infestation du faux-gui (aucune infestation et infestations faible, modérée ou forte) sur un total de 239 parcelles dans 11 stations sur un sol basaltique dans le nord de l’Arizona. Dans chaque parcelle, nous avons mesuré les attributs des arbres, le degré d’infestation par le faux-gui et la quantité de combustibles de surface. Les peuplements fortement infestés par le faux-gui avaient une plus faible densité (P < 0,05) avec plus de chicots, mais une quantité totale de combustibles de surface plus élevée (P < 0,05) et une quantité totale de combustibles >7,62 cm et <7,62 cm, que dans les peuplements sains. Cependant, il n’y avait pas de différences statistiques entre les classes d’infestation pour aucune des variables des combustibles de la canopée. Le comportement simulé du feu a indiqué que la vitesse du vent requise pour qu’un feu de surface s’étende à la cime était plus faible dans les peuplements fortement infestés que dans les peuplements sains. Ces résultats indiquent que les peuplements fortement infestés par le faux-gui devraient être des zones prioritaires pour le traitement des combustibles dans le nord de l’Arizona. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

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تاریخ انتشار 2007